ww1 essays

ww1 essays During World War I, countries used technology to help them become more powerful and stronger against the enemies. Unlike the days where spears and sticks were used, the Industrial Revolution allowed the new technologies to make new weapons and upgrades for old weapons more deadly and more powerful. The automatic machinegun was one of these deadly weapons used to kill many invading armies at once. From this new weapon and many others, the world changed for the worse. Not only did countries now have possession to take over cities and towns, the first-world powers were able to knock out countries without much work needed. A poison gas is one of these inventions that could knock out any person since it attacked in random directions depending on the winds. Both Allied and Ententes obtained and used these weapons for chemical warfare. Even with these new inventions, the newest and one of the most devastating was the aircraft. Planes brought a new outlook to the battlefield as bombs could be dropped and machine gun fire could be used in air combat. Countries without possession of airplanes were at a disadvantage; thus, only those with enough money to build these powerful innovations had a chance to defeating their enemy. Germany invented a U-boat for the sea; as a result, heavy battle could be fought in land, air, and water. With all these inventions and the coming of the Atomic Bomb, the world would never be the same and the battlefield would be changed forever. ...

Archaeological Evidence for Domesticating Potatoes

Archaeological Evidence for Domesticating Potatoes Potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the Solanaceae family, which also includes tomatoes, eggplants, and chili peppers. Potato is currently the second widest used staple crop in the world. It was first domesticated in South America, in the Andean highlands, between Peru and Bolivia, more than 10,000 years ago. Different species of potato (solanum) exist, but the most common worldwide is the S. tuberosum ssp. Tuberosum. This species was introduced in Europe in the mid-1800s from Chile when a fungus disease almost completely destroyed S. tuberosum ssp. andigena, the original species imported by the Spanish directly from the Andes in the 1500s. The edible part of the potato is its root, called tuber. Because the tuber of wild potatoes contains poisonous alkaloids, one of the first steps made by ancient Andean farmers toward domestication was to select and replant a variety with low alkaloid contents. Also, since wild tubers are quite small, farmers also selected the bigger examples. Archaeological Evidence of Potato Cultivation Archaeological evidence suggests that people were consuming potatoes in the Andes as early as 13,000 years ago. In the Tres Ventanas Cave in the Peruvian highlands, several root remains, including S. tuberosum, have been recorded and direct-dated to 5800 cal B.C. (C14 calibrated date) Also, remains of 20 potato tubers, both white and sweet potato, dating between 2000 and 1200 B.C. have been found in the trash middens of four archaeological sites in the Casma Valley, on the coast of Peru. Finally, in an Inca period site near Lima, called Pachacamac, pieces of charcoal have been found within the remains of potato tubers suggesting that one of the possible preparation of this tuber involved baking. Potatoes Around the World Although this may be due to a lack of data, current evidence indicates that the spread of potatoes from Andean highlands to the coast and the rest of the Americas was a slow process. Potatoes reached Mexico by 3000-2000 B.C., probably passing through Lower Central America or the Caribbean Islands. In Europe and North America, the South American root arrived only in the 16th and 17th century, respectively, after its importation by the first Spanish explorers. Sources Hancock, James, F., 2004, Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species. Second Edition. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA Ugent Donald, Sheila Pozoroski and Thomas Pozoroski, 1982, Archaeological Potato Tuber Remains from the Casma Valley of Peru, Economic Botany, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 182-192.

The requirement of good faith for becoming a holder in due course Research Paper

The requirement of good faith for becoming a holder in due course - Research Paper Example Problems could arise in a situation whereby the holder seeking payment out of a negotiable instrument comes to learn that a certain defense to the payment exists. The same could happen when the holder learns that another party has a previous claim to the same instrument (PSTCC.edu). In this regard, the person seeking the payment is required to have legal rights of being a holder in due course. A holder in due course takes negotiable instruments free of any prevailing claims as well as most of other parties’ defenses. Usually, real defenses defeat payments to all holders with holders in due course inclusive. Besides, personal defenses have the capability of asserting against ordinary holders very successfully (PSTCC.edu). The HDC doctrine was implemented by the Article of the Uniform Commercial Code (Maggs 1). The Article also governs some negotiable instruments like promissory notes and checks. The doctrine asserts that, â€Å"a party who acquires a negotiable instrument in good faith, for value, and without notice of certain facts, and who also meets some additional requirements, takes the instrument free of competing claims of ownership and most defenses to payment† (Maggs 1). In this regard, the HDC doctrine may therefore relieve a party that is acquiring a note or check from such worries that someone else could own the instrument or the instrument maker would have certain legal grounds that could be used for the refusal to pay it. The doctrine of good faith is one of the various requirements for one to become a holder in good faith. In this regard, the holder is required to take the instrument, in question, â€Å"in good faith.† Good faith here is used to imply to â€Å"honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing† (Maggs). An holder taking part in fraudulent schemes can be considered to be lacking good faith under such

Connecting my teaching style with what adult leraners need to know Research Paper

Connecting my teaching style with what adult leraners need to know - Research Paper Example While the quantity of lessons may matter with ample significance at anytime, such an instructor does not afford to neglect providing quality in his unique creative style of teaching which naturally earns appreciation by colleagues and pupils alike. An effective teacher exhibits a character of passion toward mastery of specialization or subject being taught so that in this manner, adult learners are concretely addressed as they meet their maturing scholastic needs. Because it is part of his chief objective to sustain learning with excellence, he finds a way to exceed the standards of his profession. He even considers exploring knowledge of the yet unknown for the benefit not only of improving his intellect but also of inspiring the students with the wonderful idea of gaining the intended proficiency through their individual endeavors both at present and in the future. Adult students, similarly, are able to show regular attendance and to listen and perform in a stimulating atmosphere f ostered by a teacher who demonstrates skilfulness in classroom management. Given this condition, no matter how busy an adult learner is with non-academic cares, valuable learning becomes accessible. An effective teacher serves a huge contributing factor in making such student figure ways of putting valuable ideas to application when solving problems and handling studies with the favour of working under alternative situations as seen fit. Having the initiative and discerning what to do upon encounter of conflict make the anticipated output of learning valuably. Positive development among adult learners, on the other hand, may be perceived once a creative style of teaching facilitates belief that new experiences could be found and used as a tool for an advancement in an adult’s learning capacity. Based on Kolb’s theory (1984), the impetus for the development of new concepts is provided by new experiences where Kolb himself stated that â€Å"Learning is the process where by knowledge is created through the transformation of experience† (Mcleod, 2010). Hence, as one develops positively, it may occur pleasingly worthwhile to construct awareness and social growth with the rest of the academic community. Around this stage, productive motivation is sought to come along since the learning process allows each adult learner to seek greater essence in connecting an individual’s well-being or ultimate identity to a set of tasks assigned by the motivational instructions. Because there ought to be harmony of interaction between the teacher and the student in order to translate effective teaching into remarkable outcomes with knowledge, hence, both parties must converge onto a common interest or point of similarity as through behaviour and way of thinking. The effective teacher may draw an adult pupil to this convergence if his technique of instruction is built on resourcefulness, for a resourceful character tends to adopt the mood of exhausting pos sibilities for the teacher and the learner to function within transparent relationship. Strategizing an effort to know each student at depth such that it yields back similar action in response would assuredly cause higher degree of motivation for the learner to trust and utilize the concepts with pertinent

Team Weekly Reflection Essay Example for Free

Team Weekly Reflection Essay Compare and contrast common law contracts and the UCC Article 2 with your team. Your discussion should include the topics you are comfortable with, the topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Write a 350- to 1,050-word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. Law Business Law Discuss the, â€Å"Legal Issues in Cyberspace† excerpt in Section 24-5 of Ch. 24, and Section 24-6, â€Å"Copyright Infringement,† of the text. Discuss the topics you are comfortable with, the topics you struggled with, and how these issues relate to application in your field. Write a 350- to 700-word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. Try to do everything in moderation when you enter college for the first time. This means that you should not party too hard or work too hard during your experience. Have a lot of fun, but make sure that you understand you are going to college to learn and expand your possibilities for employment. This document of LAW 421 Week 5 Team Weekly Reflection comprises: Business Law and Order Compare and contrast common law contracts and the UCC Article 2 with your team. Your discussion should include the topics you are comfortable with, the topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Write a 350- to 1,050-word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. Law Business Law Discuss the, â€Å"Legal Issues in Cyberspace† excerpt in Section 24-5 of Ch. 24, and Section 24-6, â€Å"Copyright Infringement,† of the text. Discuss the topics you are comfortable with, the topics you struggled with, and how these issues relate to application in your field. Write a 350- to 700-word paper detailing the For downloading more tutorials visit https://bitly.com/1oJLCMf Try to do everything in moderation when you enter college for the first time. This means that you should not party too hard or work too hard during your experience. Have a lot of fun, but make sure that you understand you are going to college to learn and expand your possibilities for employment. Law Business Law Discuss the, â€Å"Legal Issues in Cyberspace† excerpt in Section 24-5 of Ch. 24, and Section 24-6, â€Å"Copyright Infringement,† of the text. Discuss the topics you are comfortable with, the topics you struggled with, and how these issues relate to application in your field.

Genetic Screening :: Science Genes Biology Papers

Genetic Screening What is genetic screening? Health care is becoming more and more of a concern today as the profession is constantly creating new procedures and what we hope are better ways to administer care. How would things be, though, if patients could be told beforehand what diseases they are likely to contract in the future? This is where genetic screening comes into play. Genetic screening is the ability to examine the genetic code for possible defects and the consequences thereof. What is a genetic disease? Professor Kare Berg of the University of Oslo describes genetic diseases as "†¦(including) diseases caused by a mutant gene at a single locus (Mendelian diseases), disorders caused by numerical or structural chromosomal anomalies, and diseases or malformations caused by the action of several genes or by interaction between genes and environmental factors" (1996). How can we test for these defects? Most often, a simple blood test can supply enough DNA to perform a thorough examination. Researchers are also developing new ways to test the genes of the unborn. For example, a new test in Korea extracts eggs from the mother and brings them to maturity. The eggs are then fertilized with the husband’s sperm and allowed to divide once or twice. A cell is then removed from each group and tested for known genetic diseases. University of California at San Francisco professor Yuet Wai Kan has developed a way to test an unborn baby’s blood without the use of amniocentesis. A blood sample is taken from the mother and immature red blood cells from the fetus are separated. Kan’s team can then run tests on these immature red blood cells. The procedure is said to be tedious but does not require expensive equipment or the costly time of an obstetrician, not to mention the pain that can accompany amniocentesis. Social, Economic, and Moral Issues Science is constantly seeking new uses for what we learn from genetics. Not everyone, however, is in favor of such findings. There are many things to consider as we put what we learn about genetics out for the world to see. How and when are these tests to be performed? Should they be performed? Who has the right to see the results of these tests? Who has the right to suggest such testing? Genetic tests and their results can have serious consequences on the lives of people tested and those who surround them. For instance, if employers know of an applicant who is susceptible to a deadly disease, they could most likely refrain from hiring the individual and save themselves trouble down the road. Genetic Screening :: Science Genes Biology Papers Genetic Screening What is genetic screening? Health care is becoming more and more of a concern today as the profession is constantly creating new procedures and what we hope are better ways to administer care. How would things be, though, if patients could be told beforehand what diseases they are likely to contract in the future? This is where genetic screening comes into play. Genetic screening is the ability to examine the genetic code for possible defects and the consequences thereof. What is a genetic disease? Professor Kare Berg of the University of Oslo describes genetic diseases as "†¦(including) diseases caused by a mutant gene at a single locus (Mendelian diseases), disorders caused by numerical or structural chromosomal anomalies, and diseases or malformations caused by the action of several genes or by interaction between genes and environmental factors" (1996). How can we test for these defects? Most often, a simple blood test can supply enough DNA to perform a thorough examination. Researchers are also developing new ways to test the genes of the unborn. For example, a new test in Korea extracts eggs from the mother and brings them to maturity. The eggs are then fertilized with the husband’s sperm and allowed to divide once or twice. A cell is then removed from each group and tested for known genetic diseases. University of California at San Francisco professor Yuet Wai Kan has developed a way to test an unborn baby’s blood without the use of amniocentesis. A blood sample is taken from the mother and immature red blood cells from the fetus are separated. Kan’s team can then run tests on these immature red blood cells. The procedure is said to be tedious but does not require expensive equipment or the costly time of an obstetrician, not to mention the pain that can accompany amniocentesis. Social, Economic, and Moral Issues Science is constantly seeking new uses for what we learn from genetics. Not everyone, however, is in favor of such findings. There are many things to consider as we put what we learn about genetics out for the world to see. How and when are these tests to be performed? Should they be performed? Who has the right to see the results of these tests? Who has the right to suggest such testing? Genetic tests and their results can have serious consequences on the lives of people tested and those who surround them. For instance, if employers know of an applicant who is susceptible to a deadly disease, they could most likely refrain from hiring the individual and save themselves trouble down the road.

Biological Weapons and America’s Secret War Essay

Each and every day, everyone is exposed to germs. Despite our distaste for germs, nature has assured us that many, perhaps most of the germs we encounter are not harmful, but many are not just harmful, but deadly. Perhaps man spent most of his existence without any first hand knowledge about germs, but man almost certainly has recognized that unseen germs have undesirable effects. In ancient times, people thought that germs came from demons or the gods. In ancient history, Hypocrites acknowledged that this was not true. From ancient times to the Black Death of the fourteenth century and on to the arrival of Columbus to the New World, germs killed millions of people. During the Plague of the fourteenth century, known as the Black Death, fully one third of all Europeans are thought to have perished. Invisible at the time, germs such as bacteria were first seen when Anton Van Leeuwenhoek noticed them with the invention of the microscope. Even then, some germs are so small that they could not be seen until the electron microscope was invented in the 1930s. Although seen for the first time, no defense against them was readily available until Dr. Edward Jenner created the first vaccine in 1796. In the nineteenth century, medical professionals realized that taking precautions as simple as washing one’s hands could reduce the likelihood of being infected by germs. In 1928, Alexander Flemming discovered that penicillin kills bacteria, a discovery that might have helped the world a decade earlier when an estimated 20 million people world wide died from influenza. This staggering figure demonstrates just how deadly germs can be, and vividly drives home the dangers of germs and their potential for use in warfare. Recent events also demonstrate the cause for concern about the spread of germs and the possible dangers of widespread germ warfare. In 2003, fully two decades after the world first grew alarmed about the spread of the human immunovirus (HIV) and the dangers AIDS that result, a Chinese man living in China became ill with an unusual type of pneumonia labeled SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). Although initially localized to China, SARS quickly spread throughout the world in just three months, another vivid illustration of the dangers of germ warfare. Those who might use germ weapons targeted at a particular enemy are not endangering their enemy. Germs do not recognize boundaries. This is one of the central concerns the authors express in their book. Germs are bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Although the vast majority of germs are probably harmless, some can invade plants and animals and make them sick and many are deadly. However, not all are harmful and some can be beneficial. For example, some bacteria grow in our intestines and help us to incorporate nutrients in our bodies from the foods we eat. Such bacteria are not cause for concern and not the subject of the authors’ book. Rather, authors Judith Miller, Stephen Engelberg and William Broad focus on biological warfare and the deadly germs used in and/or developed for biological warfare. This book is a revealing look at the biological weapons programs that have existed in the US and Russia in the past and might exist today. In Russia, for example, the program was â€Å"Known to the Soviets as ‘the Concern,’ Biopreparat [the laboratories and plants that supposedly manufactured vaccines and other civilian pharmaceutical products] was in fact a hub of Moscow’s germ effort, a vast network of secret cities, production plants, and centers that studied and perfected germs as weapons. † (p. 135) While nuclear energy and the potential to develop and use nuclear power for military purposes was the novel weapon of the 20th century, the comparable weapon of this century may be germ bombs and the threat of germ warfare. Germs are less costly to cultivate and develop than nuclear power, easier to develop and available to anyone with adequate expertise and laboratory facilities. Unlike the millions of dollars required to develop and design nuclear weapons, biological weapons are relatively inexpensive to develop and use. Developing an efficient delivery system to use with biological weapons may be more difficult than developing or cultivating deadly germs, but the tendency of people to move among themselves and the propensity of germs to quickly spread from one individual to another make germs and germ warfare a cause for concern. Of course, protective gear is required for their development so as to avoid contamination during research or use and to protect from accidents and wastes, but developing germ weapons is relatively easy and available. What are the effects of viral infection? Despite their minute size, germs are among the most deadly things in the kingdom of living things. The authors provide an example. In their scenario, the victims contracted the virus after eating in a restaurant. â€Å"The stomach cramps began later that day†¦ Two days later,(they) started getting ill†¦ by week’s end, thirteen of †¦ twenty-eight employees were sick. And dozens (more) called to complain that they had gotten violently ill†¦. † (p. 18) Germs are or can be the cause of great illness and biological destruction and can cause death in numerous painful and undesirable ways. The spectrum of effects that can be attributed to germs ranges from very beneficial to mildly beneficial to mildly harmful and all the way to deadly. Once germs invade a body, they consume nutrients and energy and produce toxic wastes that act as poisons leading to any number of health problems. The beneficial germs are not what concern the authors. The authors’ message is that germs can be deadly and that governments have and probably still are developing germs specifically for use as weapons in military situations, and while that is of concern, the authors point out that other concerns are just as worrisome or of more concern. What if biological weapons developed by the military were to fall into the hands of terrorists? Even though the means to deliver biological weapons is difficult, in a terrorist act or even in a military situation, even an inefficient means of delivery can be sufficiently effective to be frightening and cause the rapid spread of germs. The germs can be spread by human interaction and contact. In situations of terrorism, germs can be sprayed or merely distributed by means of tiny vials. Once the spread begins, the germs can be more difficult to eradicate than they were to deliver even if only distributed in a small area. The problem then becomes how to contain the germs and prevent their spread. General focus of the book Although the authors focus on the biological weapons program in the US, they also consider other elements of concern as regards biological weapons and biological warfare. They point out that research into the development and use of biological weapons has grown despite the deadly nature of the weapons and the reality that such weapons, like the gases used during World War I, are just as deadly and harmful to those who would use the weapons as to those who are the intended victims. It may be impossible to protect victim or victimizer from the effects of biological weapons. The authors are concerned that on numerous occasions, the U. S. has considered using biological weapons despite the dangers they pose. But the U. S. is not the only culprit. Other countries have biological weapons programs and some biological weapons have been used in the past. These weapons pose a threat for the future. During the Gulf War, for example, biological weapons developed by Iraq posed a threat and they might, in fact still pose a threat. While U. S. went in search of nuclear weapons and found none, the threat of biological weapons posed just as great a danger. The authors consider and compare chemical and biological weapons and outline the relative dangers of each. Author’s view and why author feels this is important The authors make clear that everyone is playing with germs for use in warfare. During World War I, the combatants used mustard gas to kill the enemy, but they learned that a temporary shift in the wind direction could result in deaths on both sides. While it is perhaps only a value judgment that germs are worse than nuclear weapons, nobody can deny that germs might be at least as bad. If the radiation pollution and effects of nuclear weapons can last for hundreds or thousands of years, how long could the effects of a living virus last and how are we to combat them: perhaps not as long as nuclear radiation and perhaps not forever; perhaps longer and even forever. Who can predict? What is to stop them from infecting all parties? Of course, conventional warfare is not the only reason for concern as regards biological weapons. Of particular concern are terrorists. The authors of this book review the problems associated with the creation and existence of biological weapons manufactured by countries around the world. They point out that the biological weapons prepared for use in war are just as deadly and just as much of concern for their value to terrorist for use in acts of terror. Unlike nuclear weapons, both chemical and biological weapons can be easy and inconspicuously transported from one location to another by anyone. Even if the countries that have germ weapons have no intention of using them, who can prevent them from falling into the hands of terrorists. Terrorists have a death wish of sorts. Perhaps they don’t want to die, but they are willing to die for their cause, and while no one can object to a person being willing to die for a cause, not all causes are for the benefit of humankind. In the hands of terrorists who don’t care about anyone or anything but their cause, biological weapons pose an equal danger to everyone. Germs do not recognize boundaries, race, nationality or cause. Terrorists can but biological weapons just as they buy other weapons or manufacture them on their own. The authors describe biological weapons as â€Å"the poor man’s hydrogen bomb. † Often, they are simple to make in a laboratory. Sociological consequences from author’s perspective Biological weapons are more than merely a military concern. They are a sociological concern and a concern to society in general. Perhaps the only reason biological weapons might not be of as great a concern as the concern surrounding nuclear weapons is that most terrorists might not have a proper means to spread contamination by biological microbes, but even with the limited use of a biological weapon, stopping the spread of germs is complicated. Even limited use of such weapons can cause widespread contamination, especially during the initial period before anyone becomes aware that a biological weapon has been used and action can be taken to stop the spread of the microbes. Once released, stopping the subsequent spread of the biological germs is both a medical and a sociological problem. Sociology involves how people interact with people, and the widespread use of biological weapons would dramatically alter and restrict human interactions. Typical human interactions from one day to the next, from one moment to the next dictate that germs will spread quickly and rapidly become a global concern as was demonstrated with the SARS outbreak in 2003. Weaknesses and strengths of the book Perhaps the book’s greatest weakness is adequately addressing what can be done to prevent the further development and spread of such weapons. How can we prevent similar situations in other countries? Even if we could persuade the U. S. and Russia to abandon research and development of biological weapons, what can be done to prevent the spread and use of such weapons throughout smaller countries of the developing world? The authors do not pose viable solutions for that problem and, sadly, there may be none. Signing treaties may alleviate fear, but treaties signed in public are broken in secret. No one realizes they have been broken until it is too late. That, perhaps, is among the greatest concerns connected with this issue. While the book is well written and adequately considers a number of important issues, the question as to how to prevent biological weapons from spreading is not adequately considered, perhaps because, in my view, openly signing treaties is no guarantee that anyone will adhere to what has been signed. That, therefore, is a concern, at least my concern. Yes, Americans could put pressure on U. S. politicians to stop research in and development of germ weapons and germ warfare, but that wouldn’t necessary stop such research among terrorists. How can we really prevent germ weapons from falling into the hands of rogue countries and terrorists? The book addresses the issue, but no viable solutions are presented. Another concern, perhaps a major one, is the manner in which the authors pose or form their conclusions. For example, they ask, â€Å"Is the threat of germ weapons real or exaggerated? Our answer is both. † This leaves the reader wondering what to conclude, or at the least leads the reader to wonder what message the authors are trying to relay. Fortunately, this book is not designed to be an alarmist book, but rather to point out the threat currently posed by biological weapons and what can be done to minimize their impact in the event of a biological attack. Author’s biases Of course, everyone has a bias and slant on everything. The authors slant their work on the dangers of germ weapons and ignore the benefits. Considering the true dangers, one might ask, â€Å"Do germ weapons present any benefits in the long run? † Certainly, no rational person could blame the authors for ignoring the assumed benefits of germ warfare. For example, is it possible that just the threat that these weapons exist might serve as a deterrent to war? From my perspect, that question, although it seems logical, is foolish to the point of being ridiculous. Any weapon that is so deadly and dangerous that it cannot be used is useless because it leaves no rational options. Fail to use it and be destroyed. Use it and be destroyed. Those seem to be the options and, as you can see, they do not constitute an option at all. The final outcome is destruction. The authors explain, â€Å"Once the rod-shaped bacteria entered a victim’s body, the invaders multiplied wildly over hours and days, damaging tissues and overwhelming rival bacteria. Their main weapons were toxins and sticky hairs†¦ The toxins caused the intestines to exude waves of watery fluid. † (p. 19) By the end of the outbreak, nearly 1,000 people had been infected, medical facilities and staff had been overwhelmed and infected individuals had moved around so as to spread infection. This is how viruses act on everyone, victim and victimizer alike. They create situations that overwhelm facilities, medical professionals and staff alike. On the other hand, if situations never come to the point where such issues need be considered, then the weapons and their creation were needless in the first place. So, the bottom line is not to develop such weapons at all. They pose many serious dangers and no real advantages. Personal experiences with Germs Like most people perhaps, my personal experiences and perspective on this issue involve no more than the common colds I occasionally get. Some are worse than others, but I am well away that people, me included, tend to take colds for granted. We assume that colds are things that generally come unexpectedly, last briefly and then go away. Most people fail to realize that colds kill and most people today cannot fathom the seriousness of the global influenza epidemic of 1918. It is said that so many American men being sent to war in Europe died from influenza that the virus actually posed as great or greater threat of death than the war. My personal experiences with colds make it difficult to fathom this situation, but it also emphasizes the point that viruses kill and that even apparently simple and common viruses are of greater concern than we realize. Further research needed If further research were pursued, where should we place most of our research emphasis? Certainly, much research should be devoted to finding ways and means to cope with the effects of the viruses most likely to be used in biological warfare. Providing medical assistance after a biological attach may be useless since viruses can exert their lethal effect so quickly that many would die long before any effective treatment could be delivered. Perhaps a research focus on preventing the spread of such weapons would be of greater value although certainly treatment should not be ignored. What treatment would there be, or could there be for newly developed biological weapons? While we cannot develop treatment for deadly viruses not yet developed, perhaps we can pursue research that would head off the development of such viruses. I feel that this is impossible because you cannot head off what you cannot even vaguely predict or foresee. Even as I consider this issue, it seems the possibilities of pursuing research that would provide medical cures for biological germs not yet developed is rather preposterous. In my view, research is not the answer to any of the problems except possibly treating the victims of the potential biological weapons we already have and the germs we already know exist, but what about protecting people from newly developed germs? Ultimately, the real solution appears to be finding a way to stop the development and use of such weapons. Certainly, that might be much easier said than done, but it might mean that the most effective â€Å"medical† research is â€Å"sociological† in nature. I don’t like to view anything as being hopeless, but in this case, it seems to me that the greatest hope lays not so much in any type of research, but in finding ways for human beings to get along better. If further research were pursued, where should we place most of our research emphasis? Certainly, much research should be devoted to finding ways and means to cope with the effects of the viruses most likely to be used in biological warfare. Providing medical assistance after a biological attack may be useless since viruses become resistant to any attack. In a sense, they are perfect fighting machines. This topic is of sociological concern because it indicates how important it is to find ways to address and deal with the social situations and problems we encounter as individuals and as countries. For example, not mentioned in the book is that naive individuals might use viruses to vent grudges against other individuals. Personally, I am just as happy that this idea is not presented in the book because I would not want to give anyone foolish and dangerous ideas that would go far beyond affecting the intended victim, and perhaps that is a central message the book tries to convey as well. Germ warfare is not a strategy that assures national security but a dangerous idea that serves no valid purpose and assures danger, mayhem and widespread death. Book’s Relationship to Sociology its Value in Class Lectures. This topic has value in the class, but in my view, its value lies only in bringing the issue to our attention and allowing us to address the research and development of such weapons in America and perhaps Russia, China and the European countries. There is little we can do about terrorists or rogue countries and certainly, showing too much concern for the creation of such weapons only increases the likelihood that terrorists might be foolish enough to use them. So, the question as to the value of this topic in class is questionable. Certainly, we need to be aware of the dangers of germs and take measures to protect against them and to prevent their spread, but that is mainly a health issue and it remains a health issue whether or not viewed from the perspective of sociology or medicine. Personally, I don’t like calling undue attention to things we cannot control because it alarms people in a manner that leads to a feeling of helplessness. Summary and conclusion In conclusion, this book vividly presents the dangers and concerns that surround germ warfare. While the book focuses on the biological weapons program in the US it points out that many countries are playing with this deadly idea and that developing countries view it as a poor man’s nuclear bomb. Even so, from the author’s perspective at least, biological weapons are much worse than nuclear weapons. In my view, perhaps that is not true. While the methods (nuclear vs. biological) are different, in the final analysis, both cause great illness and (different types of) global pollution that will affect the world for decades, centuries, possibly millennia. In my personal view, I believe that surviving a biological war is more likely than surviving a nuclear war, but I find the idea of choosing between one or the other ludicrous. I feel that more people might die quickly and painfully with biological weapons than with nuclear weapons, but ultimately, I feel that the global pollution with nuclear weapons would be worse. It is a question of seeing a glass as half empty or half full. The idea that there is a difference or distinction is more or less an illusion. In the end, the only viable alternative is to completely avoid both. Choosing between the value judgment as to which is worse is a decision I would rather never take and it is also one that I wish no one else in the world had the opportunity to make. Yes, perhaps that is a naive view, but in the end, isn’t that what you would probably prefer as well. Reference Miller, Judith, Stephen Engelberg and William Broad. (2002). Germs: Biological Weapons and America’s Secret War. Simon and Schuster, New York, NY.

Plate tectonic press release

For many years people always called southern California Americas Promised Land because of Its beautiful weather, beaches and Its film industry. Now with 13 million habitants it's been looked at as hazard city. â€Å"Not only does the San Andrea Fault, marking the conservative margin between the Pacific and North American plates, cross Southern California, but LA was built across a myriad of transform faults† (â€Å"Case Study For Multiple Hazards; Los Angel's, California, Usa. , 1999). These Include the Santa Monica fault, the San Fernando fault, and the Northerner/Santa Barbara fault. Although the most violent earthquakes are predicted to occur along the San Andrea Fault, earth movements frequently occur along most of the lesser known faults. â€Å"The most recent of 11 earthquakes to affect LA since 1970 occurred in January 1994, focusing in the Northerner area It registered 6. On the Richter scale, lasted for 30 seconds, and was followed by aftershocks lasting several day s, The quake killed 60 people, injured several thousand, caused buildings and sections of freeway to collapse, Ignited fires following a gas leak and explosion In the Granddad Hills area, and left 500,000 homes without power and 200,000 homes thou water supplies† (â€Å"Case study For Multiple Hazards: Los Angel's, California, Usa. â€Å", 1999). There'd many reasons as too what causes the earthquakes and how they started.The earthquakes in California are caused by movements of huge blocks of the earth's crust known as the Pacific and North American plates. â€Å"The Pacific Plate is moving in the North West direction and is scraping pass North America at a rate of two Inches a year. About two-thirds of this movement occurs on the San Andrea Fault and some parallel faults- the San Action, Elisions, and Imperial faults† (â€Å"Southern California Earthquakes And Faults†, n. . ). Over time, these faults minor earthquakes.Let's talk about plate tectonics. There si x major plates and they are named after the continents that they are embedded in, such as North America, Africa, and Antarctic. The plates make out the outer shell of the earth called the lithosphere. â€Å"One way a mountain is formed is through convergent boundaries which is when plates serving land masses collide, the crust crumbles and buckles into mountain ranges† (â€Å"Plate Tectonics†, 1996-2014). Mountain ranges are also formed through divergent boundaries in the ocean. Magma from deep inside the earth's antler rises towards the surface and pushes apart two plates and mountains and volcanoes rise along the seam† (â€Å"Plate Tectonics†, 1996-2014). On January 17 1994 an earthquake rocks Los Angel's, California, ‘killing 54 people and causing billions of dollars in damages. The Northerner quake (named after the San Fernando Valley community near the epicenter) was one of the most damaging in U. S. History' (â€Å"Earthquake Rocks Los Angel's †, 2014). â€Å"According scientists using a new model to determine the probability of big quakes, California has more than a 99% chance of having a magnitude 6. r larger earthquake within the next 30 years† (â€Å"Earthquake Rocks Los Angel's†, 2014). How prepared are you for an earthquake? People with mobile homes and homes not attached to a foundation are at a much greater risk for damage. Buildings resting on unstable soil such as landfills are also at a much greater risk of damage. The Red Cross suggest that you: Become aware of fire evacuation and earthquake safety plans for all of the buildings you occupy regularly. Pick safe places in each room of your home, workplace and/or school.A safe place could be under a piece of furniture or against an interior wall way from windows, bookcases or tall furniture that could fall on you. Practice â€Å"drop, cover and hold on† in each safe place. If you do not have sturdy furniture to hold on to, sit on the fl oor next to an interior wall and cover your head and neck with your arms. Keep a flashlight and sturdy shoes by each person's bed in case the earthquake strikes in the middle of the night. Make sure your home is securely anchored to its foundation. Bolt and brace water heaters and gas appliances to wall studs. Bolt bookcases, china cabinets and other tall furniture to wall studs. Hang eave items, such as pictures and mirrors, away from beds, couches and anywhere people sleep or sit. Brace overhead light fixtures. Install strong latches or bolts on cabinets. Large or heavy items should be closest to the floor. Learn how to shut off the gas valves in your home and keep a wrench handy for that purpose. â€Å"(† Prepare For An Earthquake†, 2014) Now that you know all there is to know about earthquakes and how to protect yourself in them, you will better keep yourself protected from the dangers of them.

US History Essay Example

US History Essay Example US History Paper US History Paper 1781 at this battle Battle of Yorktown The war officially ends with the______. Treaty of Paris 1783. The ____ ar the first set of plans for a national government system ratified in 1781 Articles of Confederation. ___ led a group of men in a rebellion (because of taxes) called Shays Rebellion. Daniel Shay In 1791 , states ratify the ten amendments known as the Bill of Rights What re the 3 qualifications to become a US President? 35 years of age,natural born citizen,lived in US for 14 years How many terms years may a US President serve in a life time? Terms 2, years -4, total 8 years How long is the term for a senator and house of representative? senator 6 years, hose 2 years If a US President is charged with impeachment what role does the House,Senate and the supreme court plain the the decision? the house brings charges against the president. the senate acts as the jury supreme court the chief justice of the supreme court presides over hearings What house can introduce a bill? both houses if the presdent vetoes a bill what is he saying? no if the president vetoes a bill and congress thiks the bill should pass what must congress do in order to get it passed into a law? discuss the bill and take another vote, if passed by 2/3 of conress the bill becomes a law name the 5 rights contained in amendment 1 of the bill of rights The Bill of Rights Freedom of -religion,speech,press,assembly,petition

How To Write Landing Pages That Convert - CoSchedule Blog

How To Write Landing Pages That Convert Blog Writing landing pages is an art. Successful landing pages address a need, provide a solution, and (ideally) drive conversions. The challenge lies in getting your audience to convert or perform an action (sign up for a contest, subscribe to an email list, etc). Fortunately, anyone with writing skills can learn to write effective landing pages. That’s exactly what this post  will teach you to do. Download Your Free Landing Page  Resources Write better landing pages and track your performance with these three free  resources: Landing Page Writing Template Landing Page Performance Tracking Template Call To Action  GuideWhy Should You Be Writing Landing Pages? The purpose of any landing pages is to get your reader to perform a specific action. You may want your reader to complete an email sign-up form, register for an event, or start a trial for a service (just for a few examples). Whatever you consider to be your conversion step, everything write you should support that goal.  This should be the central focus of your writing. What Defines A Landing Page? By definition, a landing page is any page a user could "land on" from another page. According to Unbounce, In the purest sense, a landing page is any web page that a visitor can arrive at or â€Å"land† on. However, when discussing landing pages within the realm of marketing and advertising, it’s more common to refer to a landing page as being a standalone web page distinct from your main website that has been designed for a single focused objective. This means that your landing page should have no global navigation to tie it to your primary website. The main reason for this is to limit the options available to your visitors, helping to guide them toward your intended conversion goal. For our purposes, any solid landing page should have the following: A strong headline Body copy A call-to-action What Are Some Common Purposes  For Landing Pages? Any landing page should serve one clear defined purpose. Here are some common usages for standalone landing pages: Promote an event or webinar Gather email newsletter signups Promote a free trial Offer free coupon signup Drive signups to be alerted of a new product or feature launch Host a contest signup form How To Define A Purpose For Your Landing Page The first step is to decide what your landing page will be about. If you're promoting something specific, like an event or contest, then your topic is obvious.  In other cases, you may need to get more creative. If you're struggling to define a clear purpose for your page, try following some of these tips. Landing pages should have just one clear purpose.Identify  A Problem You Can Solve For Your Audience A great way to find a topic is to identify an issue and present your product or service as the best solution. The reason your audience is on your landing page is because they have a problem and need a solution, and that’s you! Here are some quick ways to determine what your audience could use help with: Twitter polls. Twitter's help guide can help walk you through how to set one up. Audience surveys. Tools like Polldaddy and Survey Monkey make it easy to run surveys. Quick questions posted on social media. Tweet a question for your audience asking what challenges they're facing. Then, create a page that presents a solution. Identify A Problem Your Business Needs To Solve Another approach is to start with a problem your business is facing. Unbounce did a great case study on New Balance. The shoe company's brick-and-mortar stores in Chicago weren't getting enough foot traffic, and they wanted to increase sales. So, they ran Facebook ads that directed to  landing pages promoting sales on shoes.  This approach increased sales by 200%. This is a perfect example of identifying a business problem, and solving it with effective landing page messaging. Next, Find Your Keyword If you plan on using SEO or PPC to drive landing page traffic, then it's important to properly select keywords. Selecting a keyword to target essentially means claiming territory on a certain phrase that is being searched. For example, if you’re trying to sell an ebook on how to master a job interview, you may want to target the phrase â€Å"successful job interviews.† There are great tools, both free and paid, that will help you find the traffic around any keyword. Start with these popular options: Moz Ubersuggest Google Keyword Planner Choosing a keyword goes back to your angle and topic. The content of your page should also match the search intent behind your selected keyword. You should also target synonyms for your topic and focus. TIP: In some cases, you may not need to do traditional keyword research. For example, if you're creating a landing page for an event, the name of the event would probably be your targeted keyword. Do what makes sense given how your page will be used. Do You Need An Angle? If you're writing a sales brochure-style landing page, consider your angle. Your angle  describes the perspective you're writing from. To find your angle here are some questions you can ask yourself before you get writing: What’s your unique perspective?  Showcase your original thoughts and ideas to your reader. Keep them engaged with your business’s individual view on your topic. What makes you different than your competitors?  Think in the perspective of your audience. Why would they choose you instead of your competition? Identify what makes your product or service uniquely the best solution. Catch Your Audience's Attention With  An Awesome Headline A good headline should hook your reader's interest immediately. When it comes to landing pages specifically, it should convey a clear benefit too. Whether the audience finds your landing page through social media, paid advertising, or organic search,  you need to give them a reason to care. TIP: Use our Headline Analyzer to make sure your headlines perform their best. Recommended Reading: How To Write Headlines That Drive Traffic, Shares, And Search Results Write Persuasive Body Copy Once readers get past your headline, they'll expect your body copy to deliver.  You need to follow through on the promises you made in your headline.  Writing good copy isn't easy, but following these steps should help. Start With  A Strong Intro Hook Writing an effective intro  is critical for keeping your reader on the page. It can be as simple as a sentence or two, or a full paragraph or more (depending on the legnth and style of your page). Any intro should do one thing, however: show your reader what's in it for them if they keep reading (or even convert). There should be absolutely no confusion as to what the reader will be getting from the landing page. A simple way to ensure that your audience knows what they’ll be getting out of the landing pages is to write clear value propositions. You can end your introduction by stating â€Å"you’re going to learn/see/find out how†¦.† and then list 3-5 things that the reader will get out of your landing page.  Take a look at one of our own  landing page introductions: What if your page isn't text-heavy enough to write this way?  Here's another example from WordPress.com that takes a different approach. Here, they have blocks of content, each one stating one clear benefit: The key is to hook your reader by making benefits immediately clear. Each of these six points solves a different problem, from the difficulty of building a site without knowing code, to getting customer support. It also shows they clearly know their audience. Someone using WordPress.com probably doesn't have a lot of coding skill. Therefore, all the copy here is focused on ease of use and community support.  And it's all conveyed to readers right away. Follow The Problem/Solution/Benefit Formula We've talked a lot about focusing on problems, solutions, and benefits. However, how do you actually  write in a way that conveys each of these points? Try following the Problem/Solution/Benefit formula. This isn't the only way to write copy, but it's an easy formula to follow if you're struggling. Establish a problem.  What's a common issue your audience has? Identify it and agitate it. Present a solution. Next,  state why  your product or service as the best solution to their problem. Ensure that your solution covers every detail of their problem. Show a benefit.  Now, you can  show your reader how much better life can be when their problem is solved. Here's a hypothetical example of all three of these pieces at work: Problem: Someone has  ants in their kitchen. Solution: A pest-control company offers non-toxic ant traps. Benefit: The customer won't lose any more groceries due to ant infestation. And here's a hypothetical example of what this copy could look like: "Stop letting ants ruin dinner. With BugCo's kitchen-safe ant traps, you'll be able to dine ant-free." Write better landing pages by focusing on problems, solutions, and benefits.This is obviously a rough example, but you can see the problem, solution, and benefit formula in action. TIP: Help your reader see how life could be better using your product or service. Make Your Call-To-Action Count The next step in creating your landing page is asking yourself, â€Å"What do I want readers to do?† The answer to this question should be  your call-to-action (CTA). Your CTA  is what prompts the reader to convert. For example, if you want your audience to sign up for a contest, your CTA could be â€Å"Enter to win this fabulous prize.† Your entire landing page copy would sell the reader on why they should care about you’re promoting enough to enter. Start your writing process by creating your CTA. From there, you can craft your landing page copy in a way that directs the reader to that action. Recommended Reading: How To Work With Designers (With Authentic Advice From 's Designer) 5  Landing Page Writing Tips As you plan and write your copy, here are some crucial pointers to remember. Use Clear And Simple Language Keep sentences short and clear. Focus On Benefits Your customer knows what their problem is. They probably know what kind of tool or solution they need too. Your job is to show benefits that illustrate why your solution is the best one for a given application. We keep hammering on this point, but that's because it's that important. Remember That Sometimes Less Is More Landing pages don't have to be long to be effective. Sometimes, all you really need is a headline, simple body copy, and a call-to-action button. Write as much as it takes to make your point and drive your desired action. That's it. Here's an example of a super short landing page from Pedal Train, a company that makes pedal boards for guitar players: A headline, a paragraph of body copy, and a button, all connected to one purpose (getting you to download an infographic). That's all the page needs. Analyze Performance (And Do Better Next Time) Writing high-converting copy often requires experimentation and refinement over time. As you write more landing pages,  look for the following: Which types of headlines perform best? What elements do your top-performing CTAs have in common? Does short or long copy perform best for you? Use the Landing Page Performance Tracking template included in this post to help with this task. Understand The Importance Of Message-Match If you'll be directing traffic to your landing page with PPC ads or social media ads, then you'll need to make sure your ad messaging matches your landing page messaging. Here's an example. I searched "what is kissmetrics" (an analytics software platform we use). Here's what the ad looked like: And here's the page it directs to: The headline, both on the ad and the landing page, tells us this is an analytics tool. The landing page intro  copy starts by stating benefits (the ability to monitor marketing performance across multiple digital channels). The body content blocks below go into more detail, further illustrating benefits. The call-to-action then gives us the opportunity to try it for ourselves. That sounds like this hits all the right checkboxes for a successful landing page. Make sure ad messaging matches your landing page messaging.3 More  Examples Of Awesome Landing Page Copy What do high-quality landing pages look like in the wild? Let's take a look at some examples. WordStream This sign-up page from Wordstream is fairly straightforward. It does quite a few things right though. The headline conveys a clear benefit (saving time and money). The "Start Your Free Trial" call-to-action button is bright, clearly designed, and encourages conversions from customers who might not be ready to buy yet. Scrolling down, this page also incorporates stats and user testimonials. These  help  lend authority to the page. Pocket This example is really straightforward, but effective. The headline clearly tells you what Pocket does. It also makes two different sign-up methods (re: conversion steps) clear. Square This page immediately conveys a benefit to the reader (they can start selling immediately). It then leads into more information they may want to know before making a decision to start a trial. The page continues communicating further benefits, leading readers to more information they might need: And then at the end, everything leads to their call-to-action: Analyze Your Landing Page Performance You’ve published your landing page. How do you know how successful they are? You’ll first want to decide on a (reasonable) goal for them. Start By Setting SMART Goals One great way to set goals is to use the SMART method: Specific: Clearly define your goal and ensure that it’s not vague. A good example would be â€Å"I want to have 2000 conversions this month† instead of â€Å"I want more conversions† Measureable: Make sure that you can track this goal. Attach a number to it. For example â€Å"I want my read time on my landing pages to increase by 30%† should be used instead of â€Å"I want people to spend more time on my pages.† Aspirational: Don’t sell yourself short. Push yourself. Realistic: Make sure you can still attain your goal. Take a good look at your resources and obstacles and ensure that you can manage them to meet your goals. Time-bound: Set a time you want to be finished by. Be specific, even down to the hour. Set a goal like â€Å"This will be done by 3 p.m on August 2nd† instead of â€Å"some point.† Set landing page goals using the SMART methodology.Measure Performance With Analytics Tools There are a number of analytics platforms you can use. Plus, landing page template services like LeadPages, Unbounce, and Instapage feature built-in analytics.  Google Analytics is also a must-use platform (but you probably already knew that). Here are four  key metrics to focus on: Bounce rate.  The bounce rate is the percentage of visitors who navigate away from your site after viewing only one page. Typically, marketers are trained to think high bounce rates are bad. However, landing page bounce rates are often high because they give your reader two options: convert, or leave. Time on page. Instead of worrying about bounce rates, pay attention to how long people stay on your pages. This is an important metric. The higher the time on your page, the more engaged your readers are. They’re more likely to convert if they’re engaged with what they’re reading on your page. A high time on page is a great metric to measure the quality of the content on your landing page. Conversion rate. This is one of the most important metric for landing pages. The conversion rate is the percentage of visitors who convert directly from your page. The success of your landing page will vary differently through every industry, but the higher it is, the better. Total conversions. How many form completions is your copy driving? Find out by tracking goals  in Google Analytics. Now  Master The Art Of Writing Landing Pages There’s a definite science to writing successful landing pages. Once you’ve broken the steps down into smaller tasks and set your goals, you can write a landing page that will boost your conversions.

Media Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Analysis - Research Paper Example Some sources also helped to reform the nation in better way. Among those sources films, songs and political cartoons were playing important part. These all were worked for the purpose of motivation and for changing the views of the political leaders and parties. Describing about the importance of each of the above mentioned methods this can be said that each of them were equally important during the post civil war period in America. Political cartoons never failed to create patriotism and enthusiasm which were very much important for the civilian in the post war period. Thomas Nast was playing an important role in this particular field. He was the famous as the father of American political cartoonist. The young generation was also attracted by the political cartoons and these cartoons directed their views in proper and right way so that future generation has not to face the trouble of civil war. Public opinions were reflected regarding the situation and affect of war through the cartoon figures (Hogge, 2008). Some film makers also took initiative to focus on the certain pictures such as scale of death in war through some documentary films. Drew Gilpin Faust, Eric Foner etc were some renowned film makers who made such kind of documentary fil ms. American sheet music also provided significant perspective on the history of civil war during the post war period. There was 3, 042 pieces of sheet music at that point of time which influenced the people of nation. The collection of music included political music, patriotic music, sad songs etc which had strong impact especially on the young generation. At that point of time music was a form of propaganda. During the post civil war period illiteracy rate was high especially in the rural areas and communication system was poor. In that situation sheet music was an important way to convey the positive messages to the people of those rural areas. The most important

Introduction to Law and Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Law and Contracts - Essay Example An agreement that is binding to one party and at the option of the other party is a voidable contract. For a contract to be valid, the objective must be legal. An objective can be unlawful if the law forbids it, it is fraudulent, and the court considers it to be immoral or against public policy. Agreements opposed to public policy can be banned by law to protect the public interests (Walston-Dunham, 2009). Acts that are contrary to public policy are void. Some of the acts considered to be against public policy include transacting with an enemy country and interfering with the administration of justice. The law of the contract is based on the doctrine of equity and substance of common law. Among its main elements are offer, acceptance, lawful consideration, capacity to contract, intention to create a legal relationship, capacity to contract, legal formalities, lawful objects possibility of performance, and, not expressly, the declared void. In this scenario, Chappelle is the defendant while on the other hand; Mustafa, who is his former manager, is the plaintiff. Chappell who is an actor and a comedian is sued for breach of contract. Chappelle and Mustafa entered into a management agreement on September 2005. Moreover, the two parties did not reduce their contract in writings, and for this, it is an oral agreement. By this, the defendant can deny the allegations charged against him because there is no evidence of the agreement passed. Mustafa is now suing Chappelle for stiffing him over $864,500, and is therefore, seeking monetary compensation. On the other hand, Chappelle claims that Mustafa’s incompetency made him lose millions of dollar (Abramovitch, 2005). In this case, the presence of witnesses may be assistive in proving the legality of the contract. However, every contract has its terms and condition, and if one party breaches this, then they should face the consequences. In Chappelle’s case, terminating Mustafa’s